Updated April 2026 · 4 min read

CPF vs CNPJ: what is the difference and which one do you need?

CPF and CNPJ are both Brazilian tax numbers but they serve very different purposes. Here is which one you need as a foreigner.

Two numbers, very different purposes

Brazil has an incredibly well-organised system for identifying individuals and businesses. A CPF (Cadastro de Pessoas Fisicas) is your personal number. Every individual in Brazil has one, including foreigners. It is your key to bank accounts, phone plans, apartment rentals, and daily life.

A CNPJ (Cadastro Nacional da Pessoa Juridica) is a business registration number. You only need one if you want to operate a company, issue invoices (notas fiscais), or hire employees in Brazil.

Most foreigners only need a CPF

If you are living in Brazil, working remotely for a foreign company, or setting up your daily life, a CPF is all you need. You do not need a CNPJ to receive money from abroad, use Pix, pay rent, or enjoy everything Brazil has to offer.

The CPF is what gets you from 'tourist passing through' to 'person who actually lives here.' Without it, you cannot even order food delivery or sign up for a gym. With it, every door opens.

You only need a CNPJ if you are specifically doing business in Brazil: selling to Brazilian customers, contracting with local companies, or employing people.

Can you get both?

Yes. You get your CPF first (it is required to apply for a CNPJ). Then if you decide to start a business, you register for a CNPJ separately. The CNPJ process is more complex and usually requires an accountant (contador) to handle.

The simplest business structure for foreigners is an MEI (Microempreendedor Individual) if your annual revenue is under R$81,000. Brazil has made it surprisingly easy to formalise a small business once you have your CPF. But not all visa types allow you to register as an MEI, so check your situation first.